Content Knowledge 
List of References
Bibliography Aldridge, B. G. (Ed). (1995). Scope, sequence, and coordination of secondary school science: Vol. 3. A high school framework for national science education standards. Arlington, VA: National Science Teachers Association. Aldridge, B. G., & Strassenburg, A. A. (Eds.). (1995). Scope, sequence, and coordination of national science education content standards: An addendum to the content core based on the 1994 draft national science education standards. Arlington, VA: National Science Teachers Association. American Federation of Teachers. (1985, September). Critical thinking: It's a basic. American Teacher, p. 21. American Federation of Teachers. (1999). Making Standards Matter. Washington, D.C.: Author American Association of School Librarians & Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (1998). Information power: Building partnerships for learning. Chicago : American Library Association. Anderson, J. R. (1990). Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Australian Education Council. (1994). English: A curriculum profile for Australian schools. Commonwealth of Australia: Curriculum Corporation. Australian Education Council. (1994). Technology: a curriculum profile for Australian schools. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Curriculum Corporation. Bazalgette, Cary. (1989) Primary media education: Key aspects of media education. London: British Film Institute. Board of Education, Commonwealth of Virginia. (1995, June). Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools. Richmond, VA: Author. Board of Education, Commonwealth of Virginia. (November, 2002). English Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools. Retrieved September 14,2005, from http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Superintendent/Sols/2002/EnglishK-12.pdf Bradley Commission on History in the Schools. (1988). Building a history curriculum: Guidelines for teaching history in the schools. Washington, DC: Educational Excellence Network. Bybee, R. W., Buchwald, C. E., Crissman, S., Heil, D. R., Kuerbis, P. J., Matsumoto, C., & McIreney, J. D. (1989). Science and technology education for the elementary years: Frameworks for curriculum and instruction. Andover, MA: National Center for Improving Science Education. Bybee, R. W., Buchwald, C. E., Crissman, S., Heil, D. R., Kuerbis, P. J., Matsumoto, C., & McIreney, J. D. (1990). Science and technology education for the middle years: Frameworks for curriculum and instruction. Andover, MA: National Center for Improving Science Education. California Department of Education. (1989). Recommended literature, grades nine through twelve. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1989). Visual and performing arts framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1990a). Recommended readings in literature, kindergarten through grade eight. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (2004b). Science framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade 12. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1994). Health framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Sacramento, CA: Author. Carnevale, A. P., Gainer, L. J., & Meltzer, A. S. (1990). Workplace basics: The essential skills employers want. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Center for Civic Education. (1994). National standards for civics and government. Calabasas, CA: Author. College Entrance Examination Board. (1983). Academic preparation for college: What students need to know and be able to do. New York: Author. College Entrance Examination Board. (1996). Articulation & Achievement: Connection Standards, Performance, and Assessment in Foreign Language. New York: Author Colorado Department of Education (1997, December). Model Content Standards: Foreign Language. Author. Retrieved June, 2000, from http://www.cde.state.co.us/index_stnd.htm Colorado Council on Economic Education. (1994). Economics: Conceptual content standards, grades K-12. (Draft). Denver: Colorado Council on Economic Education. Considine, David and Haley, Gail (1999) Visual images: integrating imagery into instruction (Second Edition). Englewood, CO: Teacher Ideas Press. Consortium of National Arts Education Associations. (1994). National standards for arts education: What every young American should know and be able to do in the arts. Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference. Council for Basic Education. (1995, October 11). Review panels find history standards worth revising. News release submitted for publication. Council for Basic Education. (1998a). Great Expectations: Defining and Assessing the Rigor in State Standards for Mathematics and English Language Arts. Washington, D.C.: Author. Council for Basic Education. (1998b). Standards for excellence in education. Washington, D.C.: Author. Crabtree, C., Nash, G. B., Gagnon, P., & Waugh, S. (Eds.). (1992). Lessons from history: Essential understandings and historical perspectives students should acquire. Los Angeles: National Center for History in the Schools. Crafton, Linda K. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades K-2. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: Macmillan. Draft standards tackle slippery subject: English (1995, October 25). Education Daily, pp. 1,3. EconomicsAmerica: National Council on Economic Education. (1997). Voluntary National Content Standards. In Virtual Economics Version 2.0 [CD-ROM]. New York, NY: Author. Edison Project. (1994a). Student standards for the elementary academy. New York: Author. Edison Project. (1994b). Student standards for the junior academy. New York: Author. Edison Project. (1994c). Student standards for the primary academy. New York: Author. Educational Policies Commission. (1961). The central purpose of American education. Washington, DC: National Education Association. Farkas, F., Friedman, W., Boese, J., & Shaw, G. (1994). First Things First: What Americans Expect From Public Schools. New York: Public Agenda. Finn, C. & Petrelli, M. (Eds.). (2000). The State of State Standards 2000. The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.edexcellence.net/library/soss2000/2000soss.html Florida Department of Education (1996). Florida curriculum framework: Language arts. Tallahassee, FL: Author. Friedman, W. & Duffett, A. (1997). Getting By: What American Teenagers Really think about their Schools. New York: Public Agenda. Futrell, M. H. (1987, December 9). A message long overdue. Education Week, p. 9. Gagnon, P., & Bradley Commission on History in the Schools (Eds.). (1989). Historical literacy: The case for history in American education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Geographic Education National Implementations Project. (1987). K-6 geography: Themes, key ideas, and learning opportunities. Washington, DC: Author. Geography Education Standards Project. (1994). Geography for life: National geography standards. Washington, DC: National Geographic Research and Exploration. Gillespie, John T. (Ed.) (1991a). Best books for junior high readers. New Providence, NJ: Bowker. Gillespie, John T. (Ed.) (1991b). Best books for senior high readers. New Providence, NJ: Bowker. Gilliard, J. V., Caldwell, J., Dalgaard, B. R., Highsmith, R. J., Reinke, R., & Watts, M. (with Leet, D. R., Malone, M. G., & Ellington, L.). (1989). Economics, what and when: Scope and sequence guidelines, K-12. New York: Joint Council on Economic Education. Glaser, R. (1984). Education and thinking: The role of knowledge. American Psychologist, 39, 93-104. Hazen, R. M., & Trefil, J. (1991). Science matters: Achieving scientific literacy. New York: Doubleday. Hirsch, E. D., Jr. (1987). Cultural literacy: What every American needs to know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993a). What your 1st grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good first-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book I. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993b). What your 2nd grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good second-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book II. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993c). What your 3rd grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good third-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book III. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993d). What your 4th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good fourth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book IV. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993e). What your 5th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good fifth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book V. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993f). What your 6th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good sixth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book VI. New York: Delta. Hobbes, Renee (1997). Literacy for the Information Age. In J. Flood, S.B Heath & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching literacy through the communicative and visual arts (pp.7-14). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. History standards project opens door to revisions. (1995, January 17). Education Daily, 28, 1-2. International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998a). TIMSS mathematics items: Released set for population 1 (third and fourth grade). Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/timss1995i/TIMSSPDF/AMitems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998b). TIMSS mathematics items: Released set for population 2 (seventh and eighth grade). Author. Retrieved February 20, 2003 from http://timss.bc.edu/timss1995i/TIMSSPDF/BMItems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998c). Released item set for the final year of secondary school: Mathematics and science literacy, advanced mathematics, and physics. Author. Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/timss1995i/TIMSSPDF/C_items.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998d). TIMSS science items: Released set for population 1 (third and fourth grades). Author. retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://timss.bc.edu/timss1995i/TIMSSPDF/ASitems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998e). TIMSS science items: Released set for population 2 (seventh and eighth Grades). Author. Retrieved Februrary 20, 2003, from http://timss.bc.edu/timss1995i/TIMSSPDF/BSItems.pdf International Baccalaureate. (1992). Language A1 guide. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1993). Group 5 mathematics guide (Edition 1.2).Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995a). Middle years programme: Arts. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate (1995b). Information technology in a global society. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995c). Middle Years programme: Humanities (Edition 1.1). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995d). Middle years programme: Language A. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995e). Middle Years programme: Mathematics (Edition 1.1).Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995f). Middle Years programme: Sciences (Edition 1.1). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996a, May). Language A1: World Literature List. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996b, May). Prescribed Booklist: English A1. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996c). Primary Years programme: Making it happen in the classroom. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (2003c). Primary Years Programme: Curriculum documents. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996a). Art/Design. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (2001b). Biology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (2001c). Chemistry. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996d). Design technology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996e). Economics. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (2008f). Environmental systems. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996g). Geography. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996h). History. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (2001i). Physics. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996j). Psychology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996k). Social anthropology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Society for Technology in Education. (2000). National educational technology standards for students: Connecting curriculum and technology. Eugene, OR: Author. International Technology Education Association. (1996). Technology for all Americans: A rationale and structure for the study of technology. Reston, VA: Author. International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for technological literacy: Content for the study of technology. Reston, VA: Author. Johnson, J. & Farkas, S. (1996). Given the Circumstances: Teachers Talk about Public Education Today. New York: Public Agenda. Joint Committee on Geographic Education. (1984). Guidelines for geographic education: Elementary and secondary schools. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology. (1991). Report of the 1990 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology. Journal of Health Education, 22, (2), 97-107. Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards. (1995). National health education standards: Achieving health literacy. Reston, VA: Association for the Advancement of Health Education. Kendall, J. S., & Marzano, R. J. (1994). The systematic identification and articulation of content standards and benchmarks: Update, January 1994. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Education Laboratory. Kendall, J. S., & Marzano, R. J. (1995). The systematic identification and articulation of content standards and benchmarks: Update, March 1995. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Education Laboratory. Kendall, J. S., & Marzano, R. J. (1996). Content knowledge: A compendium of standards and benchmarks for K-12 education. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Education Laboratory Kendall, J. S., & Marzano, R. J. (1997). Content knowledge: A compendium of standards and benchmarks for K-12 education. (2nd Ed.) Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Education Laboratory and the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Kendall, J. S., Snyder, C., Schintgen, M. A., Wahlquist, A. M., & Marzano, R. J.(1999). A distillation of subject-matter content for the subject-areas of language arts, mathematics, and science. . Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.mcrel.org/topics/productDetail.asp?topicsID=14&productID=53 Law in a Free Society. (1983). Responsibility I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977a). Authority I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977b). Privacy I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977c). Privacy II (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1979d). Justice I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Levine, D.V., & Associates. (1985). Improving student achievement through mastery learning programs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Linn, Robert L. (1995). Assessment-Based Reform: Challenges to Educational Measurement. (William H. Angoff Memorial Lecture Series). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service Mager, Robert F. (1962). Preparing instructional objectives. Palo Alto, CA: Fearon Publishers. Marzano, R. J., & Kendall, J. S. (1993). The systematic identification and articulation of content standards and benchmarks: An illustration using mathematics. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Educational Laboratory. Marzano, R.J., & Kendall, J.S. (1996). A comprehensive guide to designing standards-based schools, districts, and classrooms. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Regional Educational Laboratory. Marzano, R.J.,& Kendall, J.S. (1998). Awash in a Sea of Standards. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Marzano, R.J. & Kendall, J.S. (1998) Implementing Standards-Based Education. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association. Marzano, R.J., Kendall, J.S. & Cicchinelli, L.F. (1998). What Americans Believe Students Should Know: A Survey of U.S. Adults. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Marzano, R.J., Kendall, J.S. & Gaddy, B.B. (1999). Essential Knowledge: The Debate Over What American Students Should Know. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Massachusetts Department of Education. (1999, August). Massachusetts Foreign Languages Curriculum Framework. Author. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/foreign/1999.pdf Masterman, Len (1985). Teaching the media. London: Routledge. Myers, Miles, & Spalding, Elizabeth (Eds.). (1997). Exemplar series: Grades 6-8. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Myers, Miles, & Spalding, Elizabeth (Eds.). (1997). Standards exemplar series: Assessing student performance grades 9-12. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Michigan State Board of Education. (1988). Michigan essential goals and objectives for health education. Lansing, MI: Author. Michigan Department of Education. (1996, September). Physical education: Content standards and benchmarks. (Draft). Lansing: Author. Mississippi State Department of Education. (1994). Mississippi curriculum structure: English language arts. Jackson, MS: Author. Music Educators National Conference. (1986). The school music program: Description and standards. Reston, VA: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1989). Science objectives: 1990 assessment. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1992a). Description of writing achievement levels-setting process and proposed achievement level definitions. Iowa City, IA: American College Testing Program. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1992b). Framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics assessment. Washington, DC: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1992c). Item specifications: 1994 national assessment of educational progress in geography. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2001). National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels, 1992-1998 for Writing. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2001). National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels, 1992-1998 for Reading. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2004) Mathematics framework for the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.). Framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress U.S. history assessment. Washington, DC: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.). Provisional item specifications: 1994 national assessment of educational progress in U.S. history. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.) Mathematics framework for the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: Author National Assessment of Educational Progress Arts Education Consensus Project. (1994). Arts education assessment framework. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Civics Consensus Project. (n.d.). Civics Framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Geography Consensus Project. (1992). Geography assessment framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress. (Draft). Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Reading Consensus Project. (1990a). Assessment and exercise specifications: 1992 NAEP reading assessment. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Reading Consensus Project. (1990b). Reading assessment framework for the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Consensus Project. (n.d.). Science framework for the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. Science Consensus Project. (n.d.). Science framework for the 1996-2000 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Consensus Project. (1993). Science assessment and exercise specifications for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress in U.S. History. (1994). Provisional item specifications. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers. National Assessment Governing Board (2000). Framework for the 2003 Foreign Language National Assessment of Educational Progress (Pre-Publication Edition). Author. Retrieved July 7, 2000, from http://nagb.org/ National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (1995). Moving into the future, national standards for physical education: A guide to content and assessment. St. Louis: Mosby. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (1992). Outcomes of quality physical education programs. Reston, VA: Author. National Business Education Association (1995). National standards for business education: What America's students should know and be able to do in business. Reston, VA: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994a). National standards for history for Grades K-4: Expanding children's world in time and space. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994b). National standards for United States history: Exploring the American experience. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994c). National standards for world history: Exploring paths to the present. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1996). National standards for history. (Basic ed.). Los Angeles: Author National Communication Association. (1998) Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.natcom.org/Instruction/k-12/K12Stds.htm National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. National Council for the Social Studies. (1994). Expectations of excellence: Curriculum standards for social studies. Washington, DC: Author. National Council of Teachers of English and the International Reading Association (October, 1995). Standards for the English Language Arts. (Draft). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author. National Council on Education Standards and Testing. (1992). Raising standards for American education: A report to Congress, the Secretary of Education, the National Education Goals Panel, and the American people. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. National Education Goals Panel. (1991). The National Education Goals Report: Building a Nation of Learners. Washington, DC: Author. National Education Standards and Improvement Council. (1993). Promises to keep: Creating high standards for American students. Report on the review of educational standards from the Goals 3 and 4 Technical Planning Group to the National Education Goals Panel. Washington, DC: National Goals Panel. National Geographic Society. (2006). Ocean Literacy: The essential principles of ocean sciences, K-12. Washington, DC: Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http://www.ngsednet.org/community/resource_uploads/OceanLitBrochure.pdf National Governors Association. (1996, March). 1996 National Education Summit Policy Statement. Washington, DC: Author. National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. National Science Board Commission on Precollege Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology. (1983). Educating Americans for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Science Board Commission. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project. (1995, April). Standards for foreign language learning: Preparing for the 21st century. (Draft). Yonkers, NY: Author. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project. (1996). Standards for foreign language learning: Preparing for the 21st century. Lawrence, KS: Author. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project. (1999). Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century. Lawrence, KS: Author. NCTE/IRA say standards effort will continue. (1994, June). The Council Chronicle, 3, 1,4. New Standards. (1997a). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 1, elementary school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. New Standards. (1997b). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 2, middle school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. New Standards. (1997c). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 3, high school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (1992). Teacher handbook component: Computer skills. Raleigh, NC: Author. Olson, Lynn. (1998, April 15). An 'A' or a 'D': State Rankings Differ Widely. Education Week Retrieved June 20, 2000, from. http://www.edweek.org/ew/1998/31stand.h17 Ontario Ministry of Education (1997) The Ontario curriculum grades 1-8 language: media literacy outcomes. Retrieved from, http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/med/bigpict/meon.htm Pearsall, M. K. (Ed). (1993). Scope, sequence, and coordination of secondary school science. Vol. 1. The content core: A guide for curriculum designers. Washington, DC: National Science Teachers Association. Project 2061, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1992). Science for all Americans. Washington, DC: Author. Project 2061, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press. Quigley, C. N., & Bahmmeller, C. F. (Eds.). (1991). Civitas: A framework for civic education. (National council for social studies, bulletin no. 86). Calabasas, CA: Center for Civic Education. Ravitch, D. (1992, January 27). National Educational Standards. Roll call: Education policy briefing. pp. 24-25. Ravitch, D. (1995). National Standards in American Education: A Citizen's Guide. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Ravitch, D. and Finn, C. E., Jr. (1987). What do our 17-year-olds know? New York: Harper & Row. Resnick, L. B. (1987). Education and learning to think. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Saunders, P., & Gilliard, J. (Eds.). (1995). A framework for teaching basic economic concepts with scope and sequence guidelines, K-12. New York: National Council on Economic Education. Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. (1991). What work requires of schools: A SCANS report for America 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. Shanker, A. (1992, June 17). Coming to terms on world-class standards. Education Week: Special Report. p. S11. Shavelson, R., Baxter, G., & Pine, J. (1992). Performance assessment: Political rhetoric and measurement reality. Educational Researcher, 21, (4), 22-27. Shepard, L. (1993). Setting performance standards for student achievement: A report of the National Academy of Education Panel on the evaluation of the NAEP trial state assessment: An evaluation of the 1992 achievement levels. Stanford, CA: The National Academy of Education, Stanford University. Sierra-Perry, Martha. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 3-5. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Smagorinsky, Peter. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 9-12. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Spady, W. G. (1988). Organizing for results: The basis of authentic restructuring and reform. Education Leadership, 46, (2), 4-8. Speech Communication Association. (1996). Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards for K through 12 Education. Annandale, VA: Author. Standards Project for English Language Arts. (1994, February). Incomplete work of the task forces of the standards project for English language arts. (Draft). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Stotsky, S., Anderson, P., & Beierl, D. (1989). Variety and individualism in the English class: Teacher-recommended lists of reading for grades 7 - 12. Boston, MA: New England Association of Teachers of English. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (1997). ESL standards for pre-K-12 students. Alexandria, VA: Author. Texas Education Agency. (1996). Texas essential knowledge and skills for technology applications. (draft) Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/ch126toc.html Texas Education Agency. (1998, September). Texas essential knowledge and skills for English language arts and reading. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter110/index.html Texas Education Agency. (1998). Texas essential knowledge and skills for technology education/industrial technology education. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/ch123toc.html Tucker, M. (1992, June 17). A new social compact for mastery in education. Education Week: Special Report. p. S3. Uchida, D., Cetron, M., & McKenzie, F. (1996). Preparing Students For the 21st Century. Reston, VA: American Association of School Administrators. Utah State Office of Education. (2003). Core Curriculum: Language Arts Grades 1-6. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from. http://www.uen.org/core/languagearts/index.shtml Utah State Office of Education. (1999). Core Curriculum: Language Arts Grades 7-12. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from. http://www.uen.org/core/languagearts/index.shtml Utah State Office of Education. (1993, August). Core Curriculum: Language Arts. Salt Lake City, UT: Author. Viadero, D. (1993, June 16). Standards deviation: Benchmark-setting is marked by diversity. Education Week, pp. 1, 14-17. Wilhelm, Jeffrey D. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 6-8. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. Wisconsin's model academic standards for English language arts. Retrieved May 28, 1999, from http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/standards/elaintro.html Yoon, B., Burstein, L., & Gold, K. (n.d.). Assessing the content validity of teacher's reports of content coverage and its relationship to student achievement. (CSE Report No. 328). Los Angeles: Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing, University of California, Los Angeles. Wiggins, G. (1989). Teaching to the (authentic) test. Educational Leadership, 46, (7), 41-47. Wiggins, G. (1993, November). Assessment: authenticity, context, and validity. Phi Delta Kappan, 200-214. Documents Used to Develop the K-12 Standards Database Achieve, Inc. (2004). Ready or not: Creating a high school diploma that counts: English benchmarks. Retrieved December 22, 2004, from http://www.achieve.org/dstore.nsf/Lookup/ADP_english/$file/ADP_english.pdf Association of American Universities and The Pew Charitable Trusts. (2003). Understanding university success: A report from standards for success. Retrieved December 22, 2004, from http://www.s4s.org/03_viewproducts/ksus/pdf/Understanding_Success.pdf Australian Education Council. (1994). English: A curriculum profile for Australian schools. Commonwealth of Australia: Curriculum Corporation. Australian Education Council. (1994). Technology: a curriculum profile for Australian schools. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Curriculum Corporation. A. V. Zaporozhetc Center, Preschool Childhood. (2001). Beginnings: The fundamentals of preschool education. Moscow: Karapuz. Bazalgette, Cary. (1989) Primary media education: Key aspects of media education. London: British Film Institute. Board of Education, Commonwealth of Virginia. (June, 1995). English Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools. Richmond, VA: Author. Board of Education, Commonwealth of Virginia. (November, 2002). English Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools. Retrieved September 14,2005, from http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Superintendent/Sols/2002/EnglishK-12.pdf Bybee, R. W., Buchwald, C. E., Crissman, S., Heil, D. R., Kuerbis, P. J., Matsumoto, C., & McIreney, J. D. (1989). Science and technology education for the elementary years: Frameworks for curriculum and instruction. Andover, MA: National Center for Improving Science Education. Bybee, R. W., Buchwald, C. E., Crissman, S., Heil, D. R., Kuerbis, P. J., Matsumoto, C., & McIreney, J. D. (1990). Science and technology education for the middle years: Frameworks for curriculum and instruction. Andover, MA: National Center for Improving Science Education. California Department of Education. (1997, December). English-Language Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools: Kindergarten through Grade Twelve. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/elacontentstnds.pdf California Department of Education. (1989). Recommended literature, grades nine through twelve. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1990). Recommended readings in literature, kindergarten through grade eight. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1990). Science framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade 12. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (1994). Health framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Sacramento, CA: Author. California Department of Education. (2001, January). Visual and performing arts content standards for California public schools: Prekindergarten through grade twelve. Retrieved May 14, 2004, from http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/visperfmarts-stnd-comp.pdf Carnevale, A. P., Gainer, L. J., & Meltzer, A. S. (1990). Workplace basics: The essential skills employers want. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Center for Civic Education. (1994). National standards for civics and government. Calabasas, CA: Author. College Entrance Examination Board. (1996). Articulation & Achievement: Connection Standards, Performance, and Assessment in Foreign Language. New York: Author. Colorado Council on Economic Education. (1994). Economics: Conceptual content standards, grades K-12. (Draft). Denver: Colorado Council on Economic Education. Colorado Department of Education. (2000, October). Building blocks to Colorado’s content standards (draft). Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.cde.state.co.us/earlychildhoodconnections/docs/pdf/MathBB.pdf Colorado Department of Education (1997, December). Model Content Standards: Foreign Language. Retrieved June 1, 2000, from http://www.cde.state.co.us/index_stnd.htm Considine, David and Haley, Gail (1999) Visual images: integrating imagery into instruction (Second Edition). Englewood, CO: Teacher Ideas Press. Consortium of National Arts Education Associations. (1994). National standards for arts education: What every young American should know and be able to do in the arts. Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference. Council for Basic Education. (1998). Standards for excellence in education. Washington, D.C.: Author. Crabtree, C., Nash, G. B., Gagnon, P., & Waugh, S. (Eds.). (1992). Lessons from history: Essential understandings and historical perspectives students should acquire. Los Angeles: National Center for History in the Schools. Crafton, Linda K. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades K-2. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. CTB/McGraw-Hill (2003). Prekindergarten standards:
Guidelines for teaching and learning. Retrieved July 31, 2003,
from http://www.ctb.com/static/resources/prekstandards.jspCONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=62805&FOLDER%3C%3E Department of Defense Education Activity. (n.d.). DoDEA curriculum: Prekindergarten. Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.odedodea.edu/curriculum/prekindergarten.html Economics America: National Council on Economic Education. (1997). Voluntary National Content Standards. In Virtual Economics Version 2.0 [CD-ROM]. New York, NY: Author. Edison Project. (1994a). Student standards for the elementary academy. New York: Author. Edison Project. (1994b). Student standards for the junior academy. New York: Author. Edison Project. (1994c). Student standards for the primary academy. New York: Author. Florida Department of Education (1996). Florida curriculum framework: Language arts. Tallahassee, FL: Author. Gagnon, P., & Bradley Commission on History in the Schools (Eds.). (1989). Historical literacy: The case for history in American education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Geographic Education National Implementations Project. (1987). K-6 geography: Themes, key ideas, and learning opportunities. Washington, DC: Author. Geography Education Standards Project. (1994). Geography for life: National geography standards. Washington, DC: National Geographic Research and Exploration. Gillespie, John T. (Ed.) (1991a). Best books for junior high readers. New Providence, NJ: Bowker. Gillespie, John T. (Ed.) (1991b). Best books for senior high readers. New Providence, NJ: Bowker. Gilliard, J. V., Caldwell, J., Dalgaard, B. R., Highsmith, R. J., Reinke, R., & Watts, M. (with Leet, D. R., Malone, M. G., & Ellington, L.). (1989). Economics, what and when: Scope and sequence guidelines, K-12. New York: Joint Council on Economic Education. Great Britain Department for Education and Employment, Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. (2000). Curriculum guidance for the foundation stage. Retrieved October 14, 2002, from http://www.dfes.gov.uk/foundationstage/pdfs/foundation_stage.pdf Head Start Bureau. (n.d.). Head Start Child Outcome Framework. Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.hskidstmsc.org/publications/pdf/im00/im00_18a.pdf Hirsch, E. D., Jr. (1987). Cultural literacy: What every American needs to know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993a). What your 1st grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good first-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book I. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993b). What your 2nd grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good second-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book II. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993c). What your 3rd grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good third-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book III. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993d). What your 4th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good fourth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book IV. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993e). What your 5th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good fifth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book V. New York: Delta. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (Ed.). (1993f). What your 6th grader needs to know: Fundamentals of a good sixth-grade education. The core knowledge series: Resource books for grades one through six, book VI. New York: Delta. Hobbes, Renee (1997). Literacy for the Information Age. In J. Flood, S.B Heath & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching literacy through the communicative and visual arts (pp.7-14). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. Illinois State Board of Education: Division of Early Childhood Education. (2002, March). Illinois early learning standards . Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.illinoisearlylearning.org/standards/index.htm Indiana Department of Education: Division of Prime Time. (2002). The Foundations for young children to the Indiana academic standards. Retrieved April 30, 2003, from http://ideanet.doe.state.in.us/primetime/foundations.html International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998a). TIMSS mathematics items: Released set for population 1 (third and fourth grade). Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/TIMSSPDF/AMitems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998b). TIMSS mathematics items: Released set for population 2 (seventh and eighth grade). Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/TIMSSPDF/BMItems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998c). Released item set for the final year of secondary school: Mathematics and science literacy, advanced mathematics, and physics. Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/TIMSSPDF/C_items.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998d). TIMSS science items: Released set for population 1 (third and fourth grades). Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/TIMSSPDF/ASitems.pdf International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Third International Mathematics and Science Study. (1998e). TIMSS science items: Released set for population 2 (seventh and eighth Grades). Retrieved March 1, 2000, from http://timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/TIMSSPDF/BSitems.pdf International Baccalaureate. (1992). Language A1 guide. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1993). Group 5 mathematics guide (Edition 1.2).Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995a). Middle years programme: Arts. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate (1995b). Information technology in a global society. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995c). Middle Years programme: Humanities (Edition 1.1). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995d). Middle years programme: Language A. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995e). Middle Years programme: Mathematics (Edition 1.1).Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1995f). Middle Years programme: Sciences (Edition 1.1). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996a, May). Language A1: World Literature List. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996b, May). Prescribed Booklist: English A1. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996c). Primary years programme: Making it happen in the classroom. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996a). Art/Design. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996b). Biology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996c). Chemistry. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996d). Design technology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996e). Economics. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996f). Environmental systems. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996g). Geography. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996h). History. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996i). Physics. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996j). Psychology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Baccalaureate. (1996k). Social anthropology. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. International Society for Technology in Education. (2000). National educational technology standards for students: Connecting curriculum and technology. Eugene, OR: Author. International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for technological literacy: Content for the study of technology. Reston, VA: Author. Intersegmental Committee of the Academic Senates. (2002). Academic literacy: A statement of competencies expected of students entering California’s public colleges and universities. University of California. Retrieved August 15, 2004, from http://www.academicsenate.cc.ca.us/Publications/Papers/AcademicLiteracy/AcademicLiteracy.pdf Joint Committee on Geographic Education. (1984). Guidelines for geographic education: Elementary and secondary schools. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology. (1991). Report of the 1990 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology. Journal of Health Education, 22, (2), 97-107. Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards. (1995). National health education standards: Achieving health literacy. Reston, VA: Association for the Advancement of Health Education. Kendall, J. S., Snyder, C., Schintgen, M. A., Wahlquist, A. M., & Marzano, R. J.(1999). A distillation of subject-matter content for the subject-areas of language arts, mathematics, and science. Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Retrieved February 20, 2003 from http://www.mcrel.org/topics/productDetail.asp?topicsID=14&productID=53 Law in a Free Society. (1983). Responsibility I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977a). Authority I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977b). Privacy I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1977c). Privacy II (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Law in a Free Society. (1979d). Justice I (elementary): a civic education unit (Teacher's ed.). Calabasas, CA: Author. Louisiana Department of Education. (2002, March). Louisiana standards for programs serving four-year-old children (draft). Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.doe.state.la.us/DOE/pdfs/PreKstandardsDraft.pdf Massachusetts Department of Education. (2001, June). Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from. http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/ela/0601.pdf Massachusetts Department of Education. (1999, August). Massachusetts Foreign Languages Curriculum Framework. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/foreign/1999.pdf Massachusetts Department of Education: Early Childhood Advisory Council. (2001). Early childhood standards for programs for three and four year olds. (draft). Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.doe.mass.edu/els/rfp_2001/71301.doc Masterman, Len (1985). Teaching the media. London: Routledge. Michigan Department of Education. (2001, December). Career and employability skills. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Career&Employ_Standards_12_01_13760_7.pdf Ministere de L’Education Nationale. (1995). Programme de l’ecole primaire francaise (English translation). Paris: Savoir Livre. Myers, Miles, & Spalding, Elizabeth (Eds.). (1997). Exemplar series: Grades 6-8. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Myers, Miles, & Spalding, Elizabeth (Eds.). (1997). Standards exemplar series: Assessing student performance grades 9-12. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Michigan State Board of Education. (1988). Michigan essential goals and objectives for health education. Lansing, MI: Author. Michigan Department of Education. (1996, September). Physical education: Content standards and benchmarks. (Draft). Lansing: Author. Mississippi State Department of Education. (1994). Mississippi curriculum structure: English language arts. Jackson, MS: Author. Music Educators National Conference. (1986). The school music program: Description and standards. Reston, VA: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1989). Science objectives: 1990 assessment. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (1992c). Item specifications: 1994 national assessment of educational progress in geography. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2001). National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels, 1992-1998 for Writing. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2001). National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels, 1992-1998 for Reading. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2004) Mathematics framework for the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.). Framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress U.S. history assessment. Washington, DC: Author. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.). Provisional item specifications: 1994 national assessment of educational progress in U.S. history. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress. (n.d.). Writing framework and specifications for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Arts Education Consensus Project. (1997). 1997 arts education assessment framework. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. Retrieved August 15, 2004, from http://www.nagb.org/pubs/artsed.pdf National Assessment of Educational Progress Civics Consensus Project. (n.d.). Civics Framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Geography Consensus Project. (1992). Geography assessment framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress. (Draft). Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress in U.S. History. (1994). Provisional item specifications. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers. National Assessment of Educational Progress Reading Consensus Project. (n.d.). Reading framework for the National Assessment of Educational Progress: 1992-2000. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Consensus Project. (n.d.). Science framework for the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Consensus Project. (1993). Science assessment and exercise specifications for the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board. National Assessment Governing Board (2000). Framework for the 2003 Foreign Language National Assessment of Educational Progress. (Pre-Publication Edition) Retrieved July 7, 2000, from http://nagb.org/ National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2004). Moving into the future, national standards for physical education, 2 nd edition. Reston, VA: Author. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (1992). Outcomes of quality physical education programs. Reston, VA: Author. National Business Education Association (1995). National standards for business education: What America's students should know and be able to do in business. Reston, VA: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994a). National standards for history for Grades K-4: Expanding children's world in time and space. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994b). National standards for United States history: Exploring the American experience. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1994c). National standards for world history: Exploring paths to the present. (Expanded ed.). Los Angeles: Author. National Center for History in the Schools. (1996). National standards for history. (Basic ed.). Los Angeles: Author National Communication Association. (1998). Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.natcom.org/Instruction/K-12/K12Stds.htm National Council for the Social Studies. (1994). Expectations of excellence: Curriculum standards for social studies. Washington, DC: Author. National Council of Teachers of English. (1989). The English coalition conference: Democracy through language. Urbana, IL: Author. National Council of Teachers of English and the International Reading Association (October, 1995). Standards for the English Language Arts. (Draft). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author. National Institute for Literacy. (2000).Equipped for the future. Retrieved December 22, 2004, from http://eff.cls.utk.edu/fundamentals/eff_standards.htm National Life/Work Centre and Human Resources Development Canada. (2000). The blueprint for life/work designs. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://206.191.51.163/blueprint/home.cfm National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project. (1995, April). Standards for foreign language learning: Preparing for the 21st century. (Draft). Yonkers, NY: Author. National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project (1996). Standards for foreign language learning: Preparing for the 21st century. Lawrence, KS: Author. New Jersey Department of Education. (2001). Early childhood education curriculum framework. Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.state.nj.us/njded/ece/framework/doc/ New Standards. (1997a). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 1, elementary school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. New Standards. (1997b). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 2, middle school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. New Standards. (1997c). Performance standards: English language arts, mathematics, science, applied learning, volume 3, high school. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy. New Zealand Ministry of Education. (1996). Early childhood curriculum. Retrieved October 14, 2002, from http://www.minedu.govt.nz/web/downloadable/dl3567_v1/WHARIKI.pdf North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (1992). Teacher handbook component: Computer skills. Raleigh, NC: Author. Ohio Department of Education. (1999). ITAC: Integrated technical and academic competencies for career focused education. Retrieved March 26, 2004, from http://www.cete.org/publications/itac-core.asp Oklahoma State Department of Education. (n.d.). Developmental learning skills. Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://title3.sde.state.ok.us/early/fouryorules.htm Ontario Ministry of Education (1997). The Ontario curriculum grades 1-8 language: media literacy outcomes. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/med/bigpict/meon.htm Oregon Department of Education. (2002, October). Alignment of the career and life role commo n curriculum goals with career-related learning standards . Retrieved December 22, 2004, from http://www.ode.state.or.us/teachlearn/certificates/cam/careerlrngfrmwrks/crls.pdf Pearsall, M. K. (Ed). (1993). Scope, sequence, and coordination of secondary school science. Vol. 1. The content core: A guide for curriculum designers. Washington, DC: National Science Teachers Association. Project 2061, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press. Quigley, C. N., & Bahmmeller, C. F. (Eds.). (1991). Civitas: A framework for civic education. (National council for social studies, bulletin no. 86). Calabasas, CA: Center for Civic Education. Saunders, P., & Gilliard, J. (Eds.). (1995). A framework for teaching basic economic concepts with scope and sequence guidelines, K-12. New York: National Council on Economic Education. Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. (1991). What work requires of schools: A SCANS report for America 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. Sierra-Perry, Martha. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 3-5. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Smagorinsky, Peter. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 9-12. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Speech Communication Association. (1996). Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards for K through 12 Education. Annandale, VA: Author. Stotsky, S., Anderson, P., & Beierl, D. (1989). Variety and individualism in the English class: Teacher-recommended lists of reading for grades 7 - 12. Boston, MA: New England Association of Teachers of English. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (1997). ESL Standards for Pre-K-12 Students. Alexandria, VA: Author. Tennessee Department of Education. (n.d). Family and consumer science standards: Adult living. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.tn.us/education/vefacsadlivstand.pdf Tennessee Department of Education. (n.d). Family and consumer science standards: Career connections. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.tn.us/education/vefacscarconstand.pdf Tennessee Department of Education. (n.d). Family and consumer science standards: Family and consumer sciences. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.tn.us/education/vefacsfamandconsscistand.pdf Tennessee Department of Education. (n.d).Family and consumer science standards: Teen living. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.tn.us/education/vefacsteenlivstand.pdf Tennessee Department of Education. (n.d). Success skills through service learning. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.tn.us/education/ci/ciservicestandards/ciserviceframe.htm Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). Prekindergarten curriculum guidelines. Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/curriculum/early/prekguide.html#1 Texas Education Agency. (1997, September). Texas essential knowledge and skills for English language arts and reading. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter110/index.html Texas Education Agency. (1996). Texas essential knowledge and skills for technology applications. (Draft). Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/ch126toc.html Texas Education Agency. (1998). Texas essential knowledge and skills for technology education/industrial technology education. Retrieved February 20, 2003, from http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/ch123toc.html Utah State Office of Education. (1993). Core Curriculum: Language Arts. Retrieved July 3, 1996, from. http://www.uen.org/utahlink/UtahCore/LangArts.html Utah State Office of Education. (1999). Core Curriculum: Language Arts Grades 7-12. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from. http://www.uen.org/core/languagearts/index.shtml Utah State Office of Education. (2003). Core Curriculum: Language Arts Grades 1-6. Retrieved September 13, 2005, from. http://www.uen.org/core/languagearts/index.shtml Utah Department of Education. (n.d.).Utah early childhood standards (guidelines). Retrieved May 14, 2002, from http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/early/standards.htm Vermont Department of Education. (2000). Vermont’s framework of standards and learning opportunities. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.state.vt.us/educ/new/pdfdoc/pubs/framework.pdf Wilhelm, Jeffrey D. (1996). Standards in Practice: Grades 6-8. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. Wisconsin 's model academic standards for English language arts. Retrieved May 28, 1999, from http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/standards/elaintro.html Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. (1997). Wisconsin’s model academic standards for family and consumer education. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/dpi/standards/pdf/face.pdf
Professional Subject-Area Organizations THE ARTS CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT ECONOMICS FOREIGN LANGUAGE GEOGRAPHY HEALTH EDUCATION HISTORY LANGUAGE ARTS MATHEMATICS PHYSICAL EDUCATION SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION |